Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental disorder with a global prevalence of about 1 in 160 children. One intriguing aspect of recent research is the relationship between oral health and the behavior of children with ASD.
Oral Microbiome and Dysbiosis
The oral microbiome refers to the community of microorganisms living in the mouth. Children with ASD tend to have poor oral hygiene, leading to changes in the composition of this microbiome, known as dysbiosis. Oral microbiome dysbiosis can cause various oral health issues, such as periodontal disease and tooth decay.
Oral and Gut Microbiome Connection
Research indicates that the oral microbiome not only affects oral health but also the gut microbiome. This is significant because of the gut-brain axis, which connects gut health with brain function and behavior. An imbalance in the oral microbiome can contribute to an imbalance in the gut microbiome, potentially affecting mental health and behavior.
Biological Mechanisms
One proposed mechanism involves the infiltration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from inflamed periodontal tissues into the bloodstream. LPS, a component of gram-negative bacterial cell walls, can trigger systemic inflammatory responses. In children with ASD, this inflammatory response can disrupt metabolic activity in the central nervous system, potentially influencing behavior.
Clinical Implications
The research highlights the importance of maintaining oral microbiome balance in children with ASD to prevent negative behavioral impacts. Interventions such as improved oral hygiene and the use of specific probiotics may help restore oral and gut microbiome balance.
Conclusion
Oral health is not just about preventing tooth decay and gum disease; it also has broader implications for mental health and behavior, especially in children with ASD. Therefore, a holistic approach that includes oral health should be considered in the management of ASD.
Source Journal : https://repository.unair.ac.id/120168/